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CHRONO SHCal20 Database

SHCal20 Data Sets

A summary of the datasets used for SHCal20 is given below with references to the original datasets. These are catalogued by the institute where the 14C measurements were made in some cases and in others by the first author on the publications. Dataset number is a historical construct and makes no reflection on the date of publication. Some of the submitters are listed as lab codes which can be found on the Radiocarbon website at www.radiocarbon.org. The bracketed number [] at the start of each reference refers to the reference number in the Supplementary table S2 in the SHCal20 publication.

Set 1 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Pretoria : Pretoria, South Africa : Cape Town Pine
[lat:lon]=[-25.7580:28.2390]
genus : species= : Cape Town Pine

[1]Vogel J, Fuls A, Visser E. 1993. Pretoria calibration curve for short-lived samples, 1930-3350 BC. Radiocarbon 35: 73-85.

Set 2 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Seattle : Stanley River : BB1981-DV
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[2]Stuiver M, Braziunas T. 1998. Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric 14C. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 329-332.

Set 2 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Seattle : : BB1996-CL
[lat:lon]=[:]
genus : species= :

[2]Stuiver M, Braziunas T. 1998. Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric 14C. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 329-332.

Set 2 Division 3 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Seattle : : Paine -CL
[lat:lon]=[:]
genus : species= :

[2]Stuiver M, Braziunas T. 1998. Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric 14C. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 329-332.

Set 2 Division 4 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Seattle : : SRT-CL
[lat:lon]=[:]
genus : species= :

[2]Stuiver M, Braziunas T. 1998. Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric 14C. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 329-332.

Set 3 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Oroko Swamp : ORS872,TKP07
[lat:lon]=[-43.2333:170.2833]
genus : species= Manoao : M. colensoi

[3]Hogg A, McCormac G, Higham T, Reimer P, Baillie M, and Palmer J. 2002. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.
[4]McCormac G, Hogg A, Higham T, Lynch-Stieglitz J, Broecker W, Baillie M, Palmer J, Xiong L, Pilcher J, Brown D, Hoper S. 1998. Temporal variation in the interhemispheric C-14 offset. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 1321-1324.
[5]Hogg A, Palmer J, Boswijk G, Turney C. 2011. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of tree-ring dated wood from New Zealand: 195 BC-AD 995. Radiocarbon 53, 3: 529-542.
[6]Hogg A, Turney C, Palmer J, Cook E, Buckley B. 2013. Is there any evidence for regional 14C offsets in the Southern Hemisphere? doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16104

Set 3 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Maitahi, Harding, NZ : Mai001
[lat:lon]=[-35.8486:173.7522]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

[5]Hogg A, Palmer J, Boswijk G, Turney C. 2011. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of tree-ring dated wood from New Zealand: 195 BC-AD 995. Radiocarbon 53, 3: 529-542.
[6]Hogg A, Turney C, Palmer J, Cook E, Buckley B. 2013. Is there any evidence for regional 14C offsets in the Southern Hemisphere? doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16104

Set 3 Division 3 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Maitahi, Harding, NZ : MaiI004
[lat:lon]=[-35.8486:173.7522]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

[6]Hogg A, Turney C, Palmer J, Cook E, Buckley B. 2013. Is there any evidence for regional 14C offsets in the Southern Hemisphere? doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i2.16104

Set 3 Division 4 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Maitahi, Harding, NZ : Har005
[lat:lon]=[-35.8486:173.7522]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 3 Division 5 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Maitahi, Harding, NZ : Har010
[lat:lon]=[-35.8486:173.7522]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 3 Division 6 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Stanley River : SRT-440
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

Set 3 Division 7 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Hihitahi Forest park, NZ : H4702
[lat:lon]=[-39.5333:175.7333]
genus : species= Libocedrus : L. bidwillii

Set 3 Division 8 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Hihitahi Forest park, NZ : H4702,TKP144
[lat:lon]=[-39.5333:175.7333]
genus : species= Libocedrus : L. bidwillii

Set 3 Division 9 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : Doughboy Bay, Stewart island, NZ : DBY225
[lat:lon]=[-47.0000:167.7300]
genus : species= Halocarpus : H. biformis

Set 3 Division 10 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Waikato : St Pauls College, Auckland, NZ : SPC002
[lat:lon]=[-36.8522:174.7376]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 4 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Belfast : Oroko Swamp : ORS872
[lat:lon]=[-43.2333:170.2833]
genus : species= Manoao : M. colensoi

[7]Hogg A, McCormac G, Higham T, Reimer P, Baillie M, and Palmer J. 2002. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.
[8]McCormac G, Hogg A, Higham T, Lynch-Stieglitz J, Broecker W, Baillie M, Palmer J, Xiong L, Pilcher J, Brown D, Hoper S. 1998. Temporal variation in the interhemispheric C-14 offset. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 1321-1324.

Set 4 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Belfast : Takapari Forest Park, NZ : TKP07
[lat:lon]=[-40.0667:175.9833]
genus : species= Libocedrus : L. bidwillii

[7]Hogg A, McCormac G, Higham T, Reimer P, Baillie M, and Palmer J. 2002. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.
[8]McCormac G, Hogg A, Higham T, Lynch-Stieglitz J, Broecker W, Baillie M, Palmer J, Xiong L, Pilcher J, Brown D, Hoper S. 1998. Temporal variation in the interhemispheric C-14 offset. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 1321-1324.

Set 4 Division 3 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Belfast : Hihitahi Forest park, NZ : H4702
[lat:lon]=[-39.5333:175.7333]
genus : species= Libocedrus : L. bidwillii

[7]Hogg A, McCormac G, Higham T, Reimer P, Baillie M, and Palmer J. 2002. High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950. Radiocarbon 44: 633-640.
[8]McCormac G, Hogg A, Higham T, Lynch-Stieglitz J, Broecker W, Baillie M, Palmer J, Xiong L, Pilcher J, Brown D, Hoper S. 1998. Temporal variation in the interhemispheric C-14 offset. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 1321-1324.

Set 5 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Sydney : Stanley River : WM SRT779
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[9]Hua Q, Barbetti M, Fink D, Kaiser K, Friedrich M, Kromer B, Levchenko V, Zoppi U, Smith A, Bertuch F. 2009. Atmospheric 14C variations derived from tree rings during the early Younger Dryas. Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, 25-26: 2982-2990.
[10]Hua Q, Barbetti M, Zoppi U, Fink D, Watanasak M, Jacobsen G. 2004. Radiocarbon in tropical tree rings during the Little Ice Age. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 223-224:489-94.
[11]Hogg A, Hua Q, Blackwell P, Buck C, Guilderson T, Heaton T, Niu M, Palmer J, Reimer P, Reimer R, Turney C, Zimmerman S. 2013. SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-50,000 cal yr BP. Radiocarbon 55, 2: this issue.

Set 5 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Sydney : Stanley River : SRT225
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[10]Hua Q, Barbetti M, Zoppi U, Fink D, Watanasak M, Jacobsen G. 2004. Radiocarbon in tropical tree rings during the Little Ice Age. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 223-224:489-94.
[11]Hogg A, Hua Q, Blackwell P, Buck C, Guilderson T, Heaton T, Niu M, Palmer J, Reimer P, Reimer R, Turney C, Zimmerman S. 2013. SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-50,000 cal yr BP. Radiocarbon 55, 2: this issue.

Set 6 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Livermore : Stanley River : SRT440A
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[12]Zimmerman S, Guilderson T, Buckley B, Cook E. 2010. Extension of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric radiocarbon curve, 2120-850 years BP: results from Tasmanian huon pine. Radiocarbon 52, 203: 887-94.

Set 6 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Livermore : Stanley River : SRT44
[lat:lon]=[-42.0000:145.0000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[12]Zimmerman S, Guilderson T, Buckley B, Cook E. 2010. Extension of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric radiocarbon curve, 2120-850 years BP: results from Tasmanian huon pine. Radiocarbon 52, 203: 887-94.

Set 7 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Arizona : Gibsons Farm, Dargaville, NZ : GIB102
[lat:lon]=[-35.9039:173.8039]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 8 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Irvine, Waikato : Crawford Farm,Towai, Northland, NZ : CRW003
[lat:lon]=[-35.5066:174.1729]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 8 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= Irvine, Waikato : Finlayson Farm, Northland, NZ : FIN11
[lat:lon]=[-35.8333:173.6500]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

Set 9 Division 1 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : Dargaville, New Zealand : DAR01
[lat:lon]=[-35.9000:173.8000]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).

Set 9 Division 2 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : Dargaville, New Zealand : DAR06
[lat:lon]=[-35.9000:173.8000]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).

Set 9 Division 3 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : Dargaville, New Zealand : DAR07
[lat:lon]=[-35.9000:173.8000]
genus : species= Agathis : A. australis

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).

Set 9 Division 4 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : Moana, New Zealand : NEW01
[lat:lon]=[-42.5000:171.6000]
genus : species= Manoao : M. colensoi

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).

Set 9 Division 5 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : El Asiento, Chile : PAT02
[lat:lon]=[-32.6500:-70.8200]
genus : species= Austrocedrus : A. chilensis

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).

Set 9 Division 6 (atmospheric)

submitter: location : comment= ETH : Stanley River, Tasmania : TAS01
[lat:lon]=[-41.7500:145.2000]
genus : species= Lagarostrobos : L. franklinii

[14]Büntgen U, Wacker L, Galván JD, Arnold S, Arseneault D, Baillie M, Beer J, Bernabei M, Bleicher N, Boswijk G, Bräuning A, Carrer M, Ljungqvist FC, Cherubini P, Christl M, Christie DA, Clark PW, Cook ER, D'arrigo R, Davi N, Eggertsson Ó, Esper J, Fowler AM, Gedalof Z, Gennaretti F, Grießinger J, Grissino-Mayer H, Grudd H, Gunnarson BE, Hantemirov R, Herzig F, Hessl A, Heussner K-U, Jull AJT, Kukarskih V, Kirdyanov A, Kolá? T, Krusic PJ, Kyncl T, Lara A, LeQuesne C, Linderholm HW, Loader NJ, Luckman B, Miyake F, Myglan VS, Nicolussi K, Oppenheimer C, Palmer J, Panyushkina I, Pederson N, Rybní?ek M, Schweingruber FH, Seim A, Sigl M, Sidorova OC, Speer JH, Synal H-A, Tegel W, Treydte K, Villalba R, Wiles G, Wilson R, Winship LJ, Wunder J, Yang B, Young GHF. 2018. Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE. Nature Communications, 9: 3605. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0.
[15]Sookdeo A, Kromer B, Buentgen U, Friedrich M, Friedrich R, Helle G, Pauly M, Nievergelt D, Reinig F, Treydte K, Synal H-A, Wacker L. 2020a. Quality Dating: A well-defined protocol implemented at ETH Zurich for high-precision 14C dates tested on Late Glacial wood. Radiocarbon. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.132 (this issue).