Calculation of Error Multipliers

For k replicate measurements Xj with uncertainty Sj of a single sample material, the square of the error multiplier is defined as

where the error weighted mean μ is defined as

Reference:

ERROR AND UNCERTAINTY IN RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS
RADIOCARBON, Vol 49, Nr 2, 2007, p 427-440
E Marian Scott, et al

Determination of Error Multipliers

We determine an error multiplier for secondary standards of each sample type for which we have sufficient material to run replicates. Otherwise we assume an error multiplier of 1.20.
Sample_Typepretreatmenterrmult
bone, antler or tooth rootCollagen1.30
woodAAA1.20
shell or other carbonatesAcid Etch1.00